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The Storage Architecture That Saves $70,000 per Rack Without Sacrificing Performance
An all-NVMe storage array delivering 100 TB of usable capacity costs roughly $50,000 in drives alone. A tiered architecture delivering the same 100 TB costs roughly $18,000 in drives while delivering 85-90 percent of the performance for 95 percent of workloads. Across a five-rack deployment, 즉 $180,000 in total savings.
The Three Tiers
| Tier | 드라이브 유형 | Example Model | 수량 | 사용 가능한 용량 | 비용 (드라이브만) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tier 0: 은닉처 | NVMe PCIe 4.0, 3 DWPD, 3.84결핵 | Samsung PM9A3 3.84TB | 4 (RAID 10) | 7.68 결핵 | $2,800 |
| Tier 1: Active Data | SAS SSD 12Gb/s, 3 DWPD, 3.84결핵 | Kingston DC1500M 3.84TB | 8 (RAID 10) | 15.36 결핵 | $5,600 |
| Tier 2: Bulk Capacity | SAS HDD 12Gb/s, 20결핵 | 도시바 MG10 20TB | 12 (RAID 6) | 160 사용 가능한 TB | $4,800 |
| 총 | 24 드라이브 | 183 사용 가능한 TB | $13,200 | ||
Automated vs Manual Storage Tiering
Approach A: Automated Tiering (ZFS, 저장 공간, vSAN). ZFS with a Special Allocation Class on NVMe, a primary pool on SAS SSDs, and a secondary pool on SAS HDDs. Hot blocks migrate to the fastest tier automatically based on access frequency. No manual management required.
Approach B: Manual Classification. The DBA places the database WAL on NVMe (Tier 0), data files on SAS SSD (Tier 1), and backups on SAS HDD (Tier 2). Better performance predictability, but requires ongoing manual management.
Server Configuration: A Tiered Storage Node
| 요소 | Selection | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| 섬기는 사람 | 델 R760 (2유, 24x 2.5인치) | Sufficient bays for all three tiers |
| Alternative (higher density) | 엑스퓨전 2288H V7 (25x 2.5인치, 28 NVMe) | More NVMe bays for larger Tier 0 은닉처 |
| CPU | 2x 제온 골드 6448Y (32 코어) | Filesystem operations. No GPU needed. |
| 메모리 | 256 GB (16엑스 16 GB DDR5, 1DPC) | ZFS ARC: 128 GB for metadata and hot block caching |
| RAID/HBA | 분 H965i (16-포트 Gen5 트라이 모드) | Single controller for NVMe, SAS SSD, and SAS HDD |
| 네트워킹 | 2x 25GbE SFP28 (front-end), 2x 100GbE (back-end) | 25GbE for client access, 100GbE for replication |
| 운영체제 | TrueNAS Scale or RHEL 9 with ZFS | ZFS for tiering. TrueNAS for appliance experience. |
Performance Estimates: 183 TB Tiered Storage
| 작업량 | Expected Performance | vs All-NVMe |
|---|---|---|
| 4K 무작위 읽기 (Tier 0 은닉처) | ~850K IOPS, 80 us latency | 92 percent of all-NVMe |
| 4K 무작위 읽기 (Tier 1 active data) | ~95K IOPS, 120 us latency | Consistent SAS SSD performance |
| 4K 무작위 읽기 (Tier 2 콜드 데이터) | ~150 IOPS, 4ms latency | Sequential prefetch mitigates random penalty |
| 순차적 쓰기 (to NVMe cache) | ~3.5 GB/s (4x NVMe RAID 10) | Writes on NVMe, async destage to slower tiers |
Three Deployment Scenarios
1. VMware 데이터스토어 (50 VMS, mixed workloads). NVMe cache absorbs 80 percent of reads. SAS SSD handles active VMDKs. SAS HDD stores snapshots and templates. VMware admins experience NVMe-like latency with 60 percent lower storage cost.
2. PostgreSQL Database (2 결핵, write-heavy OLTP). WAL on NVMe (Tier 0, 미러링된). Data files on SAS SSD (RAID 10). Backups on SAS HDD (RAID 6). WAL writes at 2 GB/s sustained, data reads at 95K IOPS.
3. Media Post-Production NAS (50 TB active, 150 TB archive). Current projects on SAS SSD. Completed archives on SAS HDD. NVMe cache for metadata and small-file I/O.
Design Your Tiered Storage With Xincuan
We supply all three storage tiers with factory-direct pricing, 3-1년 보증, 그리고 글로벌 배송. Our storage architects can design a tiered deployment for your workload.
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